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02/04/2007
JUSTICE IN SINGAPORE is Janus-faced.
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The preface to Francis Seow's latest book, Beyond Suspicion? The Singapore Judiciary (Southeast Asia Studies Monograph Series) Is included below. Francis Seow is a former Solicitor-General of Singapore, former president of the Singapore Law Society -- and a former prisoner of conscience. He now lives in exile in the USA. He is a prominent human rights defender and critic of Singapore's ruling party and has published extensively on Singapore's human rights record.
The Preface of 'Beyond Suspicion? The Singapore Judiciary'
The Singapore courts - when adjudicating commercial cases between two contending parties where neither the authorities nor the political élite are involved or interested - may be relied upon to administer justice according to the law. In this regard, Singapore judges have an overall reputation for the integrity of their judgments. The enthusiastic reports of international organizations, such as the Geneva-based World Economic Forum or the Hongkong-based Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, have to be read subject to this important rider.
This book, however, is concerned with the other face of justice in Singapore: where these very same judges, sad to say, inpolitically-freighted cases have repeatedly demonstrated a singular facility at bending over backwards to render decisions favourable to the Singapore government and its leaders. Whereupon their judicial contortions have acquired an international notoriety that concerned human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International, the Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists, and latterly the Lawyers' Human Rights Watch Canada, were moved to send their legal representatives to Singapore to observe the trial proceedings herein at first hand. Their observations confirmed what many Singaporeans have known all along: that the political context of such cases invariably influence the judges in their decisions.
And yet, the Singapore judiciary was historically free and independent of the government of the day or any other controlling legal authority, until the ruling People's Action Party - with no viable political opposition to keep it balanced and in check - began insensibly to entrench itself in the body politic of the nation. In that time, Prime Minister Harry Lee Kuan Yew, now nominally senior minister but still the enduring éminence grise of the People's Action Party (PAP) government, systematically gained control over the courts, which he exercises currently through his judicial point man and great friend, Yong Pung How: the chief justice*. In addition, Lee appoints only politically correct lawyers as judges whose loyalty he ensures with princely remunerations - well over and above the comparable market rates for judges worldwide. Corruption often-times simulates many forms and disguises: paying obscenely high salaries and bonuses to judges is one, for they inevitably assume the gratifying form of monthly retainers by the government for loyal services rendered or to be rendered. Given that he who pays the piper calls the tune, it is virtually impossible for judges to do justice by the citizens when the state or its leaders are involved as litigants, as this narrative will amply demonstrate.(* Yong Pung How has since stepped down from the judiciary. The current Chief Justice is the former attorney-general, Chan Sek Keong, appointed in April 2006)
Unlike previous defamation actions, the legal blitzkrieg herein - masterminded by Harry Lee Kuan Yew - was exceptional in the sheer number of PAP plaintiffs who retained in concert disparate law firms of high-priced lawyers and who, against valid objections and normal procedural laws, were allowed by the courts to maintain multiple lawsuits over the same matter against the defendants: lawyer and unsuccessful opposition candidate Tang Liang Hong, his wife, Teo Siew Har, and, ultimately, his defence counsel, J.B. Jeyaretnam, who was also then the secretary general of the opposition Workers' Party. The insidious purpose of this unusual legal manoeuvre was intended to overwhelm the resources in personnel and finances of the defendants, and of Tang in particular, and to hamper their defence - a manoeuvre that was patently obvious to the judges but who, chose to turn a Nelsonian eye on these legal shenanigans.
Lee used to assert that the judiciary must be protected against "unjust attacks and slurs," but in truth, it is he who has not only disfigured the pristine face of justice in Singapore but undermined its very foundation by politicizing it, as well as that of the legal profession. In the ensuing proceedings, counsel for Lee and the Prime Minister, Goh Chok Tong - Drew and Napier and Allen and Gledhill respectively - not to mention the lawyers for the other PAP plaintiffs, disgraced themselves and sullied the noble profession of the law by meekly allowing themselves to be led by their noses by the puppetmeister. In an attempt to win the case at all costs, they not only suppressed important evidence advantageous to Tang but concealed them from the presiding judge, Justice Chao Hick Tin. Nor did they take any steps to correct his [the judge's] misconception of the facts at the subsequent judgmental hearing, consequently ensuring that damages awarded against Tang would be humongous: thus perpetrating a travesty of justice by their studied silence. A classic case of the legal maxim, suppressio veri suggestio falsi - suppression of the truth is suggestion of the false. Given their seniority at the bar, they should have known better. Together with the staff of the Supreme Court registry, they manipulated the practice and procedure of the court and its docket to disadvantage the defendants at every turn in their obscene rush to judgment.
In a closed society where the government has a finger in almost every pie of business and commerce and controls every aspect of community life right down to sporting and even kindergarden activities, it makes sound commercial sense, if nothing else, to keep on its good side for its capacity to distribute lucrative contracts and work to the politically correct. In so far as the legal profession is concerned, the cornucopia of legal work dispensed by the government and its many linked companies was, and is, immense and lucrative. It is bread-and-butter work. It is understandably the aspiration of many law firms to be the chosen receptacle of such official favours. The defamation case or rather cases against Tang Liang Hong and his wife, Teo Siew Har - and the opposition Workers' Party leader, J.B. Jeyaretnam - bring into sharp focus the reluctance of Singapore lawyers to represent clients who are anathema to the puissant Lee and his government. Even so, this is Asian value at its rawest: one does not muddy the source of business or possible businesses by being a contrarian...
With the best will in the world, is it really conceivable for any judge in Singapore to decide a case against Harry Lee Kuan Yew and his PAP cohorts? Neither a wink nor a nod is necessary for a judge who values his position to decide in a certain way. Even if Lee's judicial point man has not intimated the correct decision to his judges, Lee has ensured their loyalty with magnanimous monthly salaries and allowances topping them up with generous yearly bonuses. To paraphrase Vladimir I. Denisov, a Gorbachev-era Soviet parliamentarian: given their princely pay, perks and privileges of office, no Singaporean judge would be mad enough to rule against Lee and his political confrères.
The PAP mouthpiece, the Straits Times, in its news coverage of the visit of Lord Woolf, the Master of the Rolls in England to Singapore, bragged that the visiting English judge was reportedly "especially struck how courts here have built a new legal culture which is highly efficient and technology-orientated. For example, he noted that while court cases here could be heard within six months, quite a few lawsuits in his country were still taking more than two years to be resolved. 'It is very impressive how Singapore courts are so efficient in managing cases and using IT.'" Lord Woolf was speaking, be it noted, on the mechanics of the courts system and not on the quality of justice! One should be able to separate the woods from the trees. The technology may be impressive but it is the administration of justice between people, and justice between individuals and state, and vice versa, that really matters ultimately.
The draconian Internal Security Act (ISA), Cap 143, which allows the arbitrary and indefinite detention of Lee's political opponents, dissidents and media critics, among others, is noticeably being relegated to the back burner, as the courts are increasingly being used to suppress critical comments and viewpoints through threats of defamation actions and the payment of huge damages and ultimately bankruptcy. Singapore has earned the dubious distinction of being a country whose leaders routinely use the libel laws as a weapon of repression. However, the courts cannot be freely resorted to, unless they are first made reliable tools of government: in other words, the judges chosen must be reliable. Tang's legal predicament with its scads of lawsuits, and by extension to that of his defence counsel and political colleague, J.B. Jeyaretnam, proves their political reliability, beyond peradventure.
The news media, in the rankling words of Harry Lee Kuan Yew, must be subordinated to "the overriding needs of Singapore, and to the primacy of purpose of [his] government," a feat he achieved with relative ease but at great cost to his international reputation and stature. The news media was subsequently reshaped into his subservient mouthpiece and that of his PAP government. The legal and judicial system is not too far behind. Once before, Dr. Joseph Goebbells, the Nazi minister of propaganda, dreamt of the same system of justice for the Third Reich where "justice must not become the mistress of the state, but must be the servant of state policy." But where Adolf Hitler and his enthusiastic minister of propaganda failed, Harry Lee Kuan Yew is succeeding. It is not an idle, but a terrifying prospect.
- Francis T. Seow
12:45 Permalink | Comments (7) | Email this | Tags: Singapore, Lee, Justice
Comments
as a former solicitor general of singapore, francis seow would know very well that judiciary independence, like democracy, is a sophisticated concept; for the man in the street, "we are democratic because we have elections" is quite sufficient, as is "our judiciary is independent because judges make their own decisions without interference from the executive"; even if the man in the street considers this insufficient, I doubt he would want to express agreement with Seow, since denying judicary independence would be regarded as contempt of court
in most asian countries executive and other influence on the judiciary is even greater, so Seow's use of Nazi Germany for comparison with Singapore seems far fetched; it is more useful to make comparisons closer to home
Posted by: asiayouthmedia | 02/04/2007
Dear Asiayouthmedia,
"as a former solicitor general of singapore, francis seow would know very well that judiciary independence, like democracy, is a sophisticated concept; for the man in the street, "we are democratic because we have elections" is quite sufficient"
erm, NO. Democracy is NOT sophisticated. It implies- Separation of Powers. It implies a free and IMPARTIAL elections. If you even bother to follow these defamation "trials", you will notice that lopsided interpretations of law and procedure where it benefits the PAP are rampant.
I DO AGREE that Seow's use of Nazi Germany are far fetched. You are definitely right on that point. Where the Nazis are OPENLY EVIL. LKY and his cronies are insidiously more cunning and shrewd- i can find no other system that disguises their evil under this facade of genteel civility.
Posted by: Sick of S'pore SOS | 03/04/2007
I am afraid you need to look at how the man (or woman) in the street reacts to these concepts; which of the three get more attention:
1. photos on the SPG website last year
2. GST and salaries of ministers
3. Francis Seow's book
roman emperors provided their citizens with bread and circus; human nature has not changed much since then
Posted by: asiayouthmedia | 03/04/2007
Asiayouthmedia
Simply because the book is not a top seller and on the minds of the entire population in no way invalidates its central thesis.
That LKY has managed to put in place a justice system that is not the mistress of the state, but the servant of state policy.
References to Hitler, always seem to distract from the main argument, regardless of the book or author. The use of analogy does seem to break down rather quickly.
And as for 'human nature' not changing over centuries I assume you are talking from a 'genetic' or 'biological' interpretation of the human being. Yes we still eat, sleep and fornicate. But we have also been to the moon, created the nuclear bomb, cured disease, attempted to end slavery, written books....
People are the product of the culture and society they are nurtured in. And most of society today is concerned with the number of shiney coins in their pockets, but to suggest that this current system in its current form is the 'only alernative' is rather myopic.
Surely even we can envisage a Singapore where the judiciary is a separate entity from the other state apparatus?
Posted by: soci | 03/04/2007
since you agree with me that most people wont be interested enough to demand change, the natural result is you can only "envisage"
Posted by: asiayouthmedia.com | 03/04/2007
The envisaging is the beginning. It is the direction in which 'we' want to go.
And change always occurrs all the time.
Posted by: soci | 03/04/2007
Harry is definitely smarter than Adolf, in a sense that he's achieve supreme domination of our Fatherland without firing a shot.
Separation of Powers in Singapore? Are you guys nuts? That would throw a spanner in the works of social engineering. LKY admits openly that it is he and his "chosen" whose role in life is to "nation build". The people simply are not to have any say because they are not "qualified" to determine their own fate. If there is a "freak result", the army will be moving in within 5 years, according to MM Lee. There are continual references to "time bombs" that the opposition have in their policy, and therefore political opposition will have to be "demolished".
Are you folks "feeling the love" of this war-like language Fuhrer Lee uses? Or are you totally switched off from political rhetoric that you neglect the "hypnotic" language being used here? And have you noticed that many people are in a trance-state—obedient and compliant to the edicts of their masters.
PAP Über Alles!
http://i76.photobucket.com/albums/j8/Matilah_Singapura/Avartars/heilharry.jpg
:)
Posted by: Matilah_Singapura | 03/04/2007






